Surgery

Acute Abdomen and General GI Surgery Inguinal, femoral, umbilical, and incisional hernias, Incarcerated vs strangulated hernia, Large bowel obstruction (malignancy, sigmoid and cecal volvulus), Acute mesenteric ischemia (embolic, thrombotic, nonocclusive), Perforated viscus, pneumoperitoneum, and peritonitis, Meckel diverticulum, Postoperative and paralytic ileus vs obstruction, Intra-abdominal abscess and drainage, Acute abdominal pain triage by quadrant, Indications for emergent laparotomy, Ogilvie syndrome (acute colonic pseudo-obstruction).

Foregut, Gastric and Colorectal Surgery Colorectal cancer (presentation, staging, resection), Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance, Polyposis syndromes (FAP, Lynch), Esophageal cancer and Barrett esophagus, Achalasia and esophageal motility disorders, Boerhaave syndrome and esophageal perforation, Mallory-Weiss tear and Zenker diverticulum, Gastric adenocarcinoma and GI stromal tumor (GIST), Bariatric surgery, dumping syndrome, and gastric outlet obstruction, Upper GI bleed workup and management, Hemorrhoids, anal fissure, and fistula-in-ano, Pilonidal disease and rectal prolapse, Anal cancer (squamous cell, HPV), Toxic megacolon and C. difficile colitis, Ischemic colitis and lower GI bleed workup, Ostomy management and complications, Carcinoid tumor and carcinoid syndrome, Hiatal and paraesophageal hernia.

Perioperative Care, Fluids and Surgical Complications Preoperative cardiac and pulmonary risk assessment, Perioperative management of anticoagulation and diabetes meds, Surgical nutrition (enteral vs parenteral, refeeding), Postoperative fever differential (5 Ws by timeline), Atelectasis and postoperative pulmonary complications, Surgical site infection and wound classification, Wound dehiscence and evisceration, Anastomotic leak and intra-abdominal abscess, VTE prophylaxis and postoperative DVT/PE, Malignant hyperthermia and anesthesia complications, Wound healing, sutures, and scar/keloid, Postoperative urinary retention and delirium, Blood product transfusion and reaction management, Local and regional anesthesia and local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Choledocholithiasis and ERCP indications, Ascending cholangitis (Charcot triad, Reynolds pentad), Mirizzi syndrome, Necrotizing pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst, Chronic pancreatitis, Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (painless jaundice, Courvoisier, Whipple), Cystic pancreatic neoplasms (IPMN, mucinous), Pyogenic and amebic liver abscess, Hepatic adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia, Cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer.

Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care ATLS primary survey (ABCDE) and resuscitation, Hemorrhagic shock and classes of hemorrhage, Shock differentiation (cardiogenic, distributive, obstructive, neurogenic), FAST exam and blunt abdominal trauma, Splenic and hepatic injury (operative vs nonoperative), Penetrating abdominal and thoracic trauma, Cardiac tamponade and Beck triad, Flail chest and pulmonary contusion, Pelvic fracture and retroperitoneal hemorrhage, Traumatic head injury and C-spine clearance, Burns: rule of nines, Parkland formula, inhalation injury, Compartment syndrome (extremity and abdominal), Massive transfusion and coagulopathy of trauma, Damage control surgery, Rhabdomyolysis and crush injury, Postsplenectomy sepsis (OPSI) and asplenia vaccination.

Breast and Endocrine Surgery BI-RADS and screening mammography, Fibroadenoma and fibrocystic change, Sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary management, Mastitis, breast abscess, and nipple discharge, Paget disease of the breast, Thyroid nodule FNA and Bethesda system, Thyroid cancer subtypes (papillary, follicular, medullary, anaplastic), Surgical management of Graves disease, Primary hyperaldosteronism, Gynecomastia and male breast cancer.

Vascular Surgery Peripheral arterial disease and claudication (ABI), Acute limb ischemia (6 Ps, embolic vs thrombotic), Carotid artery stenosis and TIA/stroke workup, Chronic mesenteric ischemia (intestinal angina), DVT prophylaxis, Varicose veins, Diabetic foot ulcer and infection, Lymphedema, Thoracic aortic aneurysm, Arterial vs venous vs neuropathic ulcers, Vascular access (central lines, dialysis fistula), Popliteal and visceral artery aneurysm.

Pediatric and Genitourinary Surgery Malrotation with midgut volvulus, Hirschsprung disease, Necrotizing enterocolitis, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia, Pediatric inguinal hernia and hydrocele, Undescended testis (cryptorchidism), Testicular torsion vs epididymitis, Benign prostatic hyperplasia and acute urinary retention, Gross hematuria and renal/bladder mass workup, Genitourinary trauma (renal, bladder, urethral), Scrotal masses and testicular cancer, Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma), Omphalocele vs gastroschisis.

Thoracic, Cardiac and Lung Surgery Solitary pulmonary nodule evaluation, Pleural effusion and empyema (Light criteria, chest tube), Mediastinal masses (anterior terrible Ts), Hemoptysis workup, Bronchiectasis, Coronary artery disease and CABG indications, Valvular disease surgical indications, Cardiac tamponade and pericardial disease, Spontaneous pneumothorax (primary and secondary), Mesothelioma.

Surgical Oncology, Skin and Soft Tissue Melanoma (ABCDEs, Breslow depth, margins, sentinel node), Soft tissue sarcoma evaluation, Necrotizing fasciitis and gas gangrene, Cutaneous abscess and cellulitis requiring drainage, Lipoma vs sarcoma differentiation, Sebaceous and epidermal inclusion cyst, Hidradenitis suppurativa, Diabetic and pressure ulcer wound management, Tumor markers in surgical oncology (CEA, CA 19-9, AFP).