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COMLEX · USMLE

Cardiology

Heart sounds, murmurs, MIs, and the valves that betray you on boards.

Heart Failure
Murmurs & Heart Sounds
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Heart Murmurs FREE

Systolic vs diastolic, the Big Four, maneuvers, and HOCM, the exception that always shows up.

HIGH YIELDheartmurmurs
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Diastolic Rumble 🔒

The low-frequency murmur of mitral and tricuspid stenosis. Where to listen, what it means.

HIGH YIELDdiastolicrumble
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Paradoxical S2 Split 🔒

Reversed splitting in aortic stenosis and LBBB. Why expiration widens the gap.

HIGH YIELDparadoxicalsplit
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Wide S2 Split 🔒

Pulmonic stenosis, RBBB, and ASD. Fixed split vs physiologic widening on inspiration.

HIGH YIELDS2splittingRBBBASDpulmonic stenosis
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Mitral Regurgitation 🔒

Holosystolic at the apex, radiates to the axilla, louder with hand grip. AFib and surgery follow.

HIGH YIELDmitralregurgitation
Ischemic Disease
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Inferior MI + AV Block 🔒

RCA occlusion hits the inferior wall, the AV node, and the RV simultaneously. Why nitro kills.

HIGH YIELDinferiorblock
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MI ED Meds: MONA-BAH 🔒

Morphine, oxygen, nitrates, aspirin, beta-blockers, ACE-I, heparin. The ED bundle.

HIGH YIELDmedsmonabah
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Post-MI Complications 🔒

V-fib in hours. Walls rupture in weeks. The timeline boards always test.

HIGH YIELDpostcomplications
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Hemodynamics 🔒

CO, preload, afterload, Frank-Starling, PV loops, valve lesion parameters, hypertrophy patterns, shock classification, and SVR/PVR.

HIGH YIELDhemodynamics
EKG & Rhythm
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Lead I: RA to LA 🔒

The lateral lead vector, what it sees, and how to use it for axis deviation.

HIGH YIELDlead

Antiarrhythmics FREE

Vaughan-Williams classes I to IV. Sodium, beta, potassium, and calcium channel blockers, plus amiodarone's thyroid and lung toxicity.

HIGH YIELDVaughan-Williamsamiodaronebeta-blockerslidocaineprocainamidesotalol
Structural & Vascular
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Cardiomyopathies FREE

Dilated vs hypertrophic vs restrictive. HOCM murmurs that worsen with Valsalva, and the cardiac causes of sudden death in young athletes.

HIGH YIELDdilatedhypertrophicHOCMrestrictiveValsalvasudden death
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Failure & Structural
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Frank-Starling Mechanism FREE

HIGH YIELDfrankstarlingmechanism
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