Protein Structure & Function — Bone Wizardry

Home Biochem Proteins

Protein Structure & Sequencing

4 levels of structure, peptide bonds, 5 sequencing methods, enzyme cutting rules (trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, CNBr), restriction peptidases, ESR/CRP, acute phase reactants.

7 types of amyloid deposition — AL (primary), AA (secondary/chronic inflammation), Aβ (Alzheimer's), Aβ2 (renal), AE/AF (MEN-II), AL (myeloma), transthyretin. Congo red stain.

Pharmacokinetics & Enzyme Kinetics

First-order vs zero-order, Michaelis-Menten, Lineweaver-Burk, Km/Vmax, competitive vs non-competitive inhibition, peak/trough, P450, alcohol clearance, hemoglobin.

Hemoglobin & O₂ Dissociation

Hb types (A, A2, F), 2,3-DPG, fetal hemoglobin, O₂-Hb dissociation curve shifts, myoglobin, myositis, high altitude adaptations, blood doping, second wind.

Muscle Diseases & Erythropoiesis

Dermatomyositis vs polymyositis head-to-head, Gottron’s papules, heliotrope rash, CD4 vs CD8, erythropoiesis timeline, metabolic pathway rules.

Heme Synthesis & Iron Disorders

Heme synthesis factory, methemoglobinemia, cyanide poisoning, iron deficiency anemia, chronic disease anemia, lab detective work.

Lead Poisoning & Porphyrias

Lead levels & management, chelation therapy, basophilic stippling, 3 porphyria types (PCT, AIP, EPP), 5 Ps mnemonic, Hardy-Weinberg.

Hemoglobinopathies & CNS Drugs

Sickle cell disease, Hb C, vaso-occlusive crises, spleen functions, opiates, TCA pharmacology, chronic pain management.

Thalassemia & Blood Products

Alpha & beta thalassemia gene deletions, 9 blood products, transfusion reactions, iron overload, hemochromatosis.

Collagen synthesis pathway, 4 types, protein targeting (RER → Golgi → lysosome), I-cell disease, C-peptide, scar tissue, collagen diseases (Marfan’s, OI, Ehlers-Danlos).

Collagen Vascular & Structural Proteins

CREST, scleroderma, RA, SLE, drug-induced lupus, Sjögren’s, elastin, emphysema, keratin, ankylosing spondylitis.